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Basic InformationMore InformationLatest NewsIn Utero Smoke Exposure Ups Subsequent Health RisksBowel Issues Affect 3 Out of 4 Pregnant WomenIodine Deficiency Has Negative Impact on Child CognitionGenes May Boost Woman's Risk of Postpartum DepressionLiving Near Major Roadways in Pregnancy Tied to Respiratory Woes in ChildrenEven Mild Iodine Deficiency Can Affect Child's CognitionHealth Tip: Keep Teeth Healthy During PregnancyFor Pregnant Smokers, Vitamin C Might Help Babies' LungsSynthetic Pot Use Can Mimic Symptoms of Prenatal DisorderHealth Tip: Taking a Birthing ClassFDA Warns Pregnant Women About Migraine DrugsHospitals Enact Policies to Curb Early ChildbirthFlame-Retardant Chemicals Could Be Toxic to KidsKeep Beauty Regimen Safe During Pregnancy, Doctor AdvisesPediatrician Group Issues Home Birth Policy StatementUltrasound Best Detector of Dangerous Ectopic Pregnancies, Study FindsLow-Carb Diet Doesn't Improve Gestational Diabetes OutcomesHealth Tip: Ease Leg Cramps During PregnancyFish Oil Has No Effect on Depression in PregnancyEstrogen Level in Pregnancy May Affect Breast Cancer Risk in DaughtersDiclegis Approved for Morning SicknessHospitals Work to Reduce Unnecessary Early BirthsSmog Exposure During Pregnancy Might Raise Child's Cancer Risk: StudyIntegrated Model Can Predict Preeclampsia in First TrimesterRepeat Births by Teen Girls Still Too High: CDCStudy Pinpoints Women at Risk for Blood Clots From PregnancyPregnant Women Under Stress May Be at Higher Risk for StillbirthRubella in Pregnancy Rare in U.S., But Can Be Devastating for BabyVitamin D Important During Pregnancy, Study SuggestsWorking While Pregnant Won't Harm the Baby, Study FindsStress During Pregnancy May Raise Heart Defect Risk for BabyHypospadias Not Related to Organic Diet During PregnancyStudy: Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy May Not Affect Baby's GrowthMeth in Pregnancy May Blunt Child's Reaction to Stress: StudyHealth Tip: Enjoy Safe Exercise During PregnancyVitamin D Levels in Pregnancy May Not Affect Kids' Future Bone HealthKey Variables Examined in Gestational Diabetes AdvanceEctopic Pregnancy Treatments Have Similar Effects on FertilityHeavier Pregnant Women May Face Higher C-Section RiskCombo Treatment Might Beat Epidural to Ease Labor: StudyHealth Tip: Experiencing Nosebleeds During Pregnancy?Postpartum Anxiety More Common Than DepressionC-Section Rates Vary Widely at U.S. HospitalsHealth Tip: Coping With Itching During PregnancyNo Risks to Pregnancy Seen With Morning Sickness DrugU.S. Teen Birth Rates Highest in Rural Areas, Research ShowsTeen Pregnancy-Prevention Program Works, Study SaysFetal Heart May Develop Later in Pregnancy Than ThoughtBrains of Fetuses 'Build a Bridge' Between Regions, Images ShowToo Much Coffee in Pregnancy Tied to Smaller, Later Newborns, Study Says Questions and AnswersLinksBook Reviews |
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NIDA Infofacts: Pregnancy and Drug Use TrendsNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)Drug abuse can occur at any stage in a woman's life. Of women who use illicit drugs, however, about half are in the childbearing age group of 15 to 44. In 1992/1993, NIDA conducted a nationwide hospital survey to determine the extent of drug abuse among pregnant women in the United States. This National Pregnancy and Health Survey* still provides the most recent national data available. The survey found that of the 4 million women who gave birth during the period, 757,000 women drank alcohol products and 820,000 women smoked cigarettes during their pregnancies. There was a strong link among cigarette, alcohol, and illegal drug use. Thirty-two percent of those who reported use of one drug also smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol. Survey results showed that 221,000 women used illegal drugs during their pregnancies that year, with marijuana and cocaine being the most prevalent: 119,000 women reported use of marijuana and 45,000 reported use of cocaine. The survey estimated that the number of babies born to these women was 222,000, a close parallel to the number of mothers. Generally, rates of any illegal drug use were higher in women who were not married, had less than 16 years of formal education, were not working, and relied on some public source of funding to pay for their hospital stay. Despite a generally decreasing trend in the use of drugs from 3 months before pregnancy and through the pregnancy, women did not discontinue drug use. However, findings from other NIDA research on women in treatment, for example, indicate that once women are successfully detoxified and enrolled in a treatment program, their motivator to stay drug free is their children. The survey also pointed to issues of prevalence differences among ethnic groups. While the rates of illegal substance abuse were higher for African Americans, the estimated number of white women using drugs during pregnancy was larger at 113,000 than the number of African-American women at 75,000, or Hispanic women at 28,000. As for the legal drugs, estimates of alcohol use were also highest among white women at about 588,000, compared to 105,000 among African-American women, and 54,000 among Hispanic women. Whites had the highest rates of cigarette use as well: 632,000 compared with 132,000 for African Americans and 36,000 for Hispanics. Rates of marijuana use were highest among those under 25 and rates of cocaine use were higher among those 25 and older. * To receive a complete copy of NIDA's National Pregnancy and Health Survey, call the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) at 1-800-729-6686. Information on general drug use trends among women is available from NCADI through Substance Abuse Among Women in the United States, printed in 1997 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration Office of Applied Studies, and other publications. | 
